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Correlation coefficients  are used to measure how strong a relationship is between two variables. There are several types of correlation coefficient, but the most popular is Pearson's correlation.  Pearson’s correlation  (also called Pearson’s  R ) is a  correlation coefficient  commonly used in linear regression. If you are starting out in statistics, you’ll probably learn about Pearson’s  R  first. In fact, when anyone refers to  the  correlation coefficient, they are usually talking about Pearson’s. Meaning ·          A correlation coefficient of 1 means that for every positive increase in one variable, there is a positive increase of a fixed proportion in the other. For example, shoe sizes go up in (almost) perfect correlation with foot length. ·          A correlation coefficient of -1 means that for every positive increase in one variable, the...