Important/Basic Terms in Computer Science - NET Paper 1 Part 1

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 COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY

Access Time- The amount of time it takes for requested information to be delivered from discs and memory. 

ALU- It stands for Arithmetic Logical Unit. All calculations in computer are done here. 

Analog Computer- Computer that operates on data which is in the form of continuous variable physical quantities. 

Android- It is a Linux based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as Smartphones and Tablets computer.


VERSIONS OF ANDROID (OLD TO NEW)

  • Cupcake 
  • Donut 
  • Eclair 
  • Froyo 
  • Gingerbread 
  • Honeycomb 
  • Ice Cream 
  •  Sandwich 
  • Jelly Bean 
  • Kit-Kat 
  • Lollipop 
  • Marshmallow 
  • Nougat 
  • Oreo

Some Basic Terms

  • Algorithm- A step-by-step procedure design to solve a problem or achieve an objective.
  • Application Software- It is designed to perform some specific application such as payroll, word processing, graphics etc.
  • Assembler- A program that translates mnemonic statement into executable instruction.
  • Bandwidth- The maximum amount of data that can travel in a communication path in a given time, measured in bits per second (bps).
  • Basic Input Output System (BIOS) - Also known as ROM BIOS. It provides abstraction layer for the hardware that is a consistent way for application programs and operating system to interact with input/output devices.
  • Batch Processing- Data is processed in a batch.

  • Binary Code: The language used by computers in which data and instructions are represented by a series of 1s and 0s.

  • Bitmap: A method of storing a graphic image as a set of bits in a computer memory. To display the image on the screen, the computer converts the bits into pixels.
  • Bit: It is the short form of Binary Digit.
  • Blog: It is a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web.
  • Bluetooth: The protocol that permits up information between computers, cell phone and other electronic devices within a radius of about 30 feet.
  • Booting: Booting is bootstrapping process which starts the operating system when a computer is switched on.
  • Boot Loader: It reads the main portion of the operating system for secondary memory.
  • Boot Sequence: A boot sequence is the set of operations the computer performs when it is switched on which loads the operating system.
  • Buffering: The process of sorting data in a memory device, allowing the devices to change the data rates, perform error checking and error retransmission.
  • Bug: A software bug is an error, flaw, failure, or fault in a computer program or system produces an incorrect or unexpected result.
  • Bus: Pathway along with electronic signals travel between the components of a computer system. Byte: One byte is a collection of 8 bits.
  • Chip: A tiny wafer of silicon containing miniature electric circuits that can store millions of bits of information.
  • Command: An instruction that causes a program or computer to perform a function.
  • Compiler: A compiler is a computer program that translates a series of instructions written in one computer Language (called the source language) into another computer language (also called the object of target language).
  • Computer Graphics: Computer graphics are visual presentation on a computer screen. Example are photographs, drawings, line arts, graphs, diagrams, typography numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images.
  • Cold Boot: When a computer restarts after the power cut is called Cold boot.
  • Control Panel: It is the part of Windows menu, accessible from the start menu, which allows users to review and manipulate basic system settings and controls. Such as adding hardware, adding/removing software, controlling user accounts, changing accessibility options.
  • Counterfeiting: The process of making and distributing illegal copies of software packages.
  • Clipboard: Are holding area in memory where information that has been copied or cut (graphics, sound, or video) can be stored until the information is inserted elsewhere.
  • CMOS: A type of computer chip which is able to operate with a very small amount of electricity from a battery. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.
  • Cookie: A packet of information that travels between a browser and web server.
  • Crash: Malfunction in hardware or software that keeps a computer from functioning.
  • Cracker: A Cracker is a person who breaks into a computer system to steal the information as programs for unauthorized use.
  • Crawler: It is an internet but which systematically browses the World Wide Web, typically for the purpose of web indexing (web spidering).
  • CU: It stands for Control Unit. It controls the computer system.
  • Data: Information consisting of letters, numbers, symbols, sound, or images : in a form that can be processed by a computer.
  • Database: A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed and updated.
  • Data Abstraction: It is the reduction of a particular body of data to a simplified representation of the whole.
  • Data Capture: It is a process of collecting or capturing data from a site on a source.
  • Data Manipulation: Captured data are manipulated to produce information.
  • Data Processing: It refers to the process of collecting and manipulating raw data to yield Useful information.
  • Disk Operating System (DOS) : Hard disk operating system is a computer operating system that can be used as a disk storage device, such as a floppy disk, hard disk drive, or optical disk.
  • Debugging: Locating and eliminating defects in a program.
  • Directory: A list of the files stored on a disc.
  • Dots Per Inch (DPI) : It is defined as the measure of the resolution of a printer, scanner, monitor.
  • DBMS: It stands for Database Management System. It is a software package to manage database.
  • DHTML: It stands for Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to create dynamic content on web pages.
  • Dial up Networking: It is the method by which computer is connected to the internet using telephone.
  • DOS: It stands for Disc Operating System. It is an operating system.
  • Editing: The process of changing information by inserting, deleting, replacing, rearranging and reformatting.
  • E:Mail: Electronic mail, abbreviated e:mail is a method of composing, ending, storing and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.
  • Encryption: In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding messages (or information) in such a way that hackers cannot read it, but the authorized users can access it.
  • Ethernet Card: Network adaptor that enables a computer to connect to an Ethernet.
  • Execution Time: The total time required to execute a program on a particular system.
  • Export: To save information from one computer or program to another.
  • Fax: It stands for 'Facsimile Machine'. It is used to transmit a copy of a document electronically.
  • File: A collection of information stored electronically and treated as a unit by a computer. The file must have its own distinctive name.
  • File Manager: The file manager is an Operating System utility that provides a user interface to work with the file system.
  • File Server: A computer on a network that stores the programs and data files shared by the users. Firmware: From where is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software.
  • Frequency: The number of oscillations of a signal per unit of time. It is usually expressed in cycles per second (CPS or hertz Hz).
  • Function Key: A special key on a computer keyboard or a terminal devices keyboard that is used to perform specific functions. Keys F1 to F10.
  • Gigahertz (GHz) : The measurement used to identify the speed of the central Processing Unit.
  • GML: It stands for General Mark:Up Language.
  • Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) : A simple file format for pictures and photographs that are composed so that they can be sent quickly.
  • Graphical User Interface (GUI) : A graphical user interface is a method of interacting with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulating of graphical images and widgets in addition to text.
  • Glitch: Hardware problem that causes a computer to malfunction or crash.
  • Hard Copy: Text or graphics printed on a paper, also called a print out.
  • Host Computer: A computer that provides information or a service to other computers on the internet.



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