Important/Basic Terms in Computer Science - NET Paper 1 Part 2

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(cont..)
  • Hacker: A computer criminal that penetrates and tempers with computer programs or systems.
  • High Level Programming Languages: A high level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.
  • Html: It stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to create web[1]pages.
  • Instant Messaging: A chat program that lets people communicate over the internet in real time.
  • Integrated Circuit: Multiple electronic components combined on a tiny Silicon chip.
  • Interface: The electrical connection that links to pieces of equipment so that they can communicate with each other.
  • Intranet: A private network established by an organisation for the Exclusive use of its employees.
  • Icon: Or symbol (such as a picture or a folder) that represents a certain function on your computer. Import: In order to give instructions to a computer, the information has to be supplied to it.
  • Interface: A device or program that helps the user to communicate with the computer.
  • Interpreter: A program that converts and execute the source code into machine code line by line.
  • Internet Society: It was formed in 1992 to promote the use of internet.
  • Java: A programming language designed for programs or applets used over the internet.
  • JPEG: Joint Photographic Expert Group is an ISO/IEC group of experts that develop and maintain standards for a suite of Compression algorithms for computer image files.
  • Kernel: It is the fundamental part of a program, such as an Operating System, that resides in memory at all times.
  • Key Field: Unique field in a record used to distinguish one record from another.
  • Label: One or more characters used to identify a statement and instruction or a data in a computer program.
  • Link: A communication path between two Nodes or Channel.
  • Linux: Type of open source software. When combined with other components, Linux serves as an increasingly popular operating system that competes with Microsoft Windows.
  • Loop: A sequence of instructions that is executed repeatedly until a terminal condition occurs.
  • MAC OS: It is an operating system used in Macintosh computer, developed by Apple.
  • Megahertz (MHz) : A measurement used to identify the speed of the central Processing Unit.
  • Microprocessor: A complete central Processing Unit (CPU) contained on a single Silicon chip.
  • MIPS: An acronym derived from millions of instruction per second (MIPS). It is used to measure the speed of a processor.
  • Morphing: The transformation of one image into another image.
  • Multitasking: Multitasking can be used to simultaneously work with several programs or integrated task that share memories, codes buffers and files.
  • Multithreading: It is a facility available in an operating system that allows multiple functions from the same application packages.
  • Multi User: The term describing the capability of a computer system to be operated at more than one terminal at the same time.
  • Operating System (OS): Software that manages the internal functions and controls the operations of a computer.
  • Open Source Software (OSS): Free Open Source Software (FOSS), also called just open source or free software, is licensed to be free to use, modify and distribute.
  • Optical Character Reader (OCR): A device that can scan text from hard copy and enter it automatically into a computer for storage or editing, also called an optical scanner.
  • Patch: A patch is a piece of software designed to update a computer program or its supporting data, to fix or improve it.
  • Piracy: Unauthorized copying of some purchased software.
  • Pixel: The pixel is the basic unit of Programmable colour on a computer display or in a computer image.
  • Port: It is the female part of a connection. Computer ports have many uses, to connect a monitor, webcam, speakers, or other peripheral devices.
  • Plug and Play: The ability to plug in a peripheral and have it work without difficulty.
  • Primary Key: A primary key is a field in a table which is unique and enables you to identify every record in the table.
  • Primary Memory: It is the main memory of a computer system.
  • Pseudo Code: Pseudo code is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithm.
  • Push Technology: A process that allows a user to obtain automatic delivery of specified information from the internet to the user's computer. For example, stock market quotes, weather forecasts, and sports scores.
  • Query: A query is a request to extract information from a database.
  • Queue: A queue is an example of a linear data structure, or more abstractly are sequential collection.
  • Record: A record (also called compound data) is a basic Data Structure. A record is a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically in fixed number and sequence.
  • Response Time: The timer computer takes to execute a command.
  • Retrieve: To call up information from memory or storage, so that it can be processed in some way. Rich Text Format (RTF) : RTF is a file format that lets you exchange text file between different word processors in different operating systems.
  • Routing: Routing is the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network, or between or across multiple networks.
  • Scanner: Scanner is a device that captures images from photographic print, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.
  • Search Engine: A free program that helps web users locate data by means of a keyboard or concept. Sector: A sector is a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk or optical disk.
  • Secondary Memory: It is the permanent memory of the computer.
  • Server: A computer that delivers data to other computers (clients) linked on the same network.
  • Shareware: Software that usually I be downloaded and used initially without charge.
  • Socket: Network socket is an endpoint of a connection in a computer network.
  • SOLARIS: It is a UNIX like operating system developed by Sun Microsystems.
  • Sorting: It is arranging of data in order.
  • Swapping: A process can be swapped temporarily out of memory to a backing Store, and then brought back into memory for continued execution.
  • System Software: It performs the basic functions that are necessary to operate a computer system. Synchronization: Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in Unison.
  • Tag: It is a part of HTML. It is the way, the browser displays text in a web page.
  • Telecommunication: The process of sending and receiving information by means of telephones, satellites, and other devices.
  • Telnet: A protocol that allows a computer to connect with a host computer on the internet.
  • Terminal: Any device that can transmit and receive electronic information.
  • Time Sharing Or Multitasking: Time sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time.
  • Topology: Topology is the arrangement of various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network.
  • Touchpad: The device on a laptop computer that takes the place of a mouse.
  • UNIX: It is a powerful multiuser operating. It uses command line user interface.
  • Universal Serial Bus (USB) : A common standard for connecting multiple peripherals to a computer as needed.
  • Upload: Uploading is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another, usually larger operating system. •
  •  Utility: A utility is a small program that provides an addition to the capabilities provided by the operating system.
  • User: Friendly: Describes hardware or software that is easy to you.
  • Virus: It is a harmful computer program.
  • Webcam: A video camera that sends live images over the internet to a website.
  • Zip: ZIP is an Archive file format that supports lossless data compression. A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed.


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